I would try opening up support/sql/migrations/124.sql and changing this line:
role_id int unsigned not null references ca_user_roles(role_id),
to
role_id smallint unsigned not null references ca_user_roles(role_id),
then try updating again. (In other words change "int" to "smallint"). There will be two lines in the file that need to be changed. MariaDB 10.6 cares about this apparently.