Hi karkarii,
Creating a new language in Administration > Locale allows you to add a new language when entering metadata, but this is independent of choosing a display language for the user interface. (As far as I understand CollectiveAccess!) So your step 1 is one thing, and it's OK.
Your steps 2, 3 allows you to add a new language for the user interface.
Just to be sure, at step 3, also both files messages.mo & .po have right permissions? (not only the folder)
Is there a message about this error in app/log?
First, I would have tried the following: just copy "en_US" folder and just change it to "ar_JO" without replacing any string with arabic alphabet, to check if it's accepted or not. And only then, try to replace some strings with arabic alphabet... 🤔